ECHOExploratory Compendium of Humanity Online

Bilingual Malay-English Hate Speech Detection Dataset

AnalyzedMediumtextInstagramRedditTwitter (X)Hate speechMultilingual

A Multi-Platform (Social Media) dataset of 26,985 bilingual (Malay-English) social media posts, collected by Mendeley Data. Each record contains text, label (hate/non-hate), language. Balanced bilingual Malay-English hate speech dataset with cleaned text. Suitable for hate speech detection, multilingual NLP, content moderation.

#Code mixing#Malay#Mendeley data

Cite this dataset at bilingual-hatespeech.echo.directory

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Analytics

Content metrics

26,985 records scored

label45.7% true
true 45.7%false 54.3%
11.4
Flesch–Kincaid grade
US school grade level
12.0
Automated readability index
Frequent terms
andasayayanguserdanwhiteininumberadalahtidakituuntukniggerdiafucklikebodohpeopleorangkepadaakandalamdengantakfuckingwomenapaadabolehhendakakupergikikepadadaripadasahajasemuasudahjewsmuslimlagilovesepertidarinantiawakblacklaingayniggers
Topic clusters

Topic 0

saya
yang
ini
tak
anda
itu
dan
aku

Topic 1

nigger
faggot
fuck
like
niggas
nigga
sand
laugh

Topic 2

jews
kike
nazi
jew
holocaust
white
israel
number

Topic 3

white
people
black
asians
user
racist
person
number

Topic 4

queer
gay
dyke
lesbian
homosexual
user
like
people

Topic 5

user
saya
yang
haha
kepada
adalah
batu
untuk

Topic 6

ikuti
dan
yang
kepada
memberi
user
nft
dalam

Topic 7

woman
rap
violence
user
main
harassment
rape
sexual

Topic 8

refugee
muslim
user
country
hindu
india
islam
number

Topic 9

hate
bitch
fucking
user
fuck
love
want
need

Topic 10

immigrant
illegal
alien
number
user
immigration
legal
deport

Computed over the full corpus.

Record

Catalog key
bilingual_hatespeech
Authors
Tan, Jun Chen; Ong, Lee-Yeng
Year
2025
Source paper
A Bilingual Malay-English Social Media Dataset for Binary Hate Speech Detection
DOI / arXiv
10.17632/mgv2n2vcb9.3
License
CC BY 4.0 (CC-BY-4.0)
Records
26,985
Languages
en, ms
Collected
2025 (2020s)
Tasks
Hate speech detection (binary; label) inferred
Region
Global (inferred: the platform is used worldwide)

Provenance

Originally published at
https://data.mendeley.com/datasets/mgv2n2vcb9/3 link checked
Hosted copy
Mirrored on echo.directory on 2026-10-09, 3.6 MB across 6 files. Checksums in MANIFEST.json.

How to cite

BibTeX

@misc{echo2026,
  title  = {ECHO: Exploratory Compendium of Humanity Online},
  author = {Switzer, Braden and Zafarani, Reza},
  year   = {2026},
  url    = {https://echo.directory},
  note   = {Syracuse University}
}

@misc{https://doi.org/10.17632/mgv2n2vcb9.3,
  doi       = {10.17632/MGV2N2VCB9.3},
  url       = {https://data.mendeley.com/datasets/mgv2n2vcb9/3},
  author    = {Tan, Jun Chen and Ong, Lee-Yeng},
  keywords  = {Computer Science, Natural Language Processing},
  title     = {A Bilingual Malay-English Social Media Dataset for Binary Hate Speech Detection},
  publisher = {Mendeley Data},
  year      = {2025}
}

APA

Switzer, B., & Zafarani, R. (2026). ECHO: Exploratory Compendium of Humanity Online [Data repository]. Syracuse University. https://echo.directory

Tan, J. C., & Ong, L.-Y. (2025). Bilingual Malay-English Hate Speech Detection Dataset [Data set]. https://doi.org/10.17632/mgv2n2vcb9.3

MLA

Switzer, Braden, and Reza Zafarani. ECHO: Exploratory Compendium of Humanity Online. Syracuse University, 2026, echo.directory.

Tan, Jun Chen, and Lee-Yeng Ong. Bilingual Malay-English Hate Speech Detection Dataset. 2025, doi.org/10.17632/mgv2n2vcb9.3.

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